Gestational Diabetes Demystified: Top 5 Myths and the Real Facts

Gestational diabetes affects Indian women at a higher rate, with lifestyle changes and early detection crucial for prevention.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition where blood sugar levels become elevated during pregnancy, primarily due to pancreatic dysfunction caused by placental hormones. These hormones can interfere with insulin production, leading to insulin resistance and high blood glucose levels. In India, it affects almost 30% of Indian women of reproductive age — a higher rate than the global average. This condition often arises after the 20th week of gestation or sometimes even during early pregnancy. It can happen even in women who have never been detected with diabetes.

While many see GDM as a temporary concern limited to pregnancy, its impact extends far beyond childbirth. Here’s a look at some common myths and the scientific facts behind them:

Fact: Gestational diabetes can develop in any pregnant woman. However, there are certain factors that can increase the likelihood. These include:

Fact: Although blood sugar levels typically return to normal post-pregnancy, the effects of gestational diabetes often linger. Women who have had GDM have a high chance of developing type 2 diabetes within the next 5 years. There is also an increased likelihood of gestational diabetes in future pregnancies and increased risk of other health conditions, including obesity, fatty liver and coronary artery disease. Monitoring and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential even after pregnancy.

Fact: Constantly elevated sugar levels can lead to serious complications for the baby. They are often larger than average (macrosomia), have a higher risk of developing low blood sugar shortly after birth and may need special care. Studies also reveal that these children are more likely to become obese, develop insulin resistance, and even become candidates for type 2 diabetes early in life. All of this leaves a female child at a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy as an adult — triggering a never-ending cycle. 

Fact: Managing GDM often requires a comprehensive lifestyle approach, not just medication. Effective management of gestational diabetes can greatly reduce complications for both mother and child. 

Fact: While it isn’t always possible to prevent gestational diabetes, certain lifestyle modifications may help reduce the risk: