Data | Why BJP gave 10% seats to turncoats in Gujarat Assembly elections and will it work?

Of all the seats allocated by the BJP to turncoats in 2022, the party lost 89% in 2017

Ten per cent of candidates fielded by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 2022 Gujarat polls are turncoats. This is the highest such share of BJP candidates in at least the last six elections, including 2022. Between 1998 and 2012, less than 5% of the BJP’s candidates were turncoats; in 2017, the share increased to 9%.

Turncoats are candidates who contested from another party in the previous election and are being fielded by the BJP this time. For this analysis, persons such as Hardik Patel, who did not contest before but were prominent members of other parties and are BJP candidates in 2022, have also been counted as turncoats.

Table 1 shows the percentage of BJP candidates who are/were turncoats, new faces, repeaters and incumbents in 2022, 2017 and 2012. For instance, in 2022, 10% of BJP candidates are turncoats, 37% are new faces, 63% are repeaters, and 41% are incumbents. New faces are those who have not contested polls before. Repeaters are those who have contested polls in the past, either as BJP candidates or otherwise. Incumbents are sitting MLAs and may belong to the BJP or other parties. So, the turncoat list is made up of repeaters (other party candidates from previous polls), incumbents (sitting MLAs from other parties) and exceptions like Mr. Patel, who is a new face from another party. The sum of the four candidate types exceeds 100% because these categories are not mutually exclusive (for example, all incumbents are repeaters but not all repeaters are incumbents).

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As shown in Table 1, the BJP is planning to counter anti-incumbency by reducing the share of incumbent MLAs. However, it has not gone with new faces — their share has also decreased. Instead, the party is banking on turncoats and experienced candidates who are not sitting MLAs (they could have fought and lost in 2017 or were part of elections before that).

This strategy is not new for the BJP. As shown in  Table 2, in 2018, 26% of the BJP’s candidates in Karnataka were turncoats and in 2019, 74% of them in Maharashtra were repeaters. However, in Uttar Pradesh (2022) and Rajasthan (2018), the party banked more on new faces.

But past results suggest that fielding turncoats has not worked for the BJP in Gujarat when compared to fielding new faces. To assess the success of these candidate types, their strike rates were considered. Strike rate is the number of seats won as a share of seats contested. For instance, in  Table 3, 29% of the BJP’s turncoat candidates won in the 2017 elections in Gujarat compared to 52% of new faces. In 2012, too, the strike rate of turncoat candidates was the lowest of all four candidate types.