
Macron says France will expand nuclear arsenal, opens wargames to European allies
India Today
Unveiling the update to France's nuclear doctrine at a nuclear base on the Atlantic coast, Emmanuel Macron said a "major" change would see more cooperation with European allies that have expressed interest, including Germany.
France will increase the size of its nuclear arsenal and strengthen its deterrent, with an increasing risk of conflicts globally crossing the nuclear threshold, President Emmanuel Macron said on Monday.
"We are currently experiencing a period of geopolitical upheaval fraught with risk," Macron said in a speech delivered from a submarine base in Brittany, adding that a "hardening" of the French deterrence model was needed.
Unveiling the update to France's nuclear doctrine at a nuclear base on the Atlantic coast, Macron also said a "major" change would see more cooperation with European allies that have expressed interest, including Germany.
Germany but also Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark would be able to take part in French nuclear wargames, Macron said, although he made clear decision-making on nuclear strikes will remain solely in the hands of the French president.
The French leader added it would be possible to establish, under unspecified circumstances, strategic assets in other European countries that would be part of what he called a new "forward deterrence" doctrine.
Though France and Britain are both nuclear powers, most European countries rely primarily on the United States for deterring any potential adversaries — a decades-old pillar of transatlantic security.

On March 18, Israel struck a gas field in Iran. Tehran responded in a matter of hours, striking refineries in several Gulf countries. What explains this sharp, quick counter-attack capability of a country whose military infrastructure has supposedly been severely degraded? The answer lies in a cheap drone and a dispersed military.












