Kidney disease no longer just for the elderly, young Indians also at risk, say experts Premium

World Kidney Day highlights the rising prevalence of kidney issues among young Indians, emphasizing the importance of early detection and prevention.

As the world observes World Kidney Day on March 13, medical experts are sounding the alarm over the increasing prevalence of kidney-related ailments among young Indians. Traditionally considered a health concern for older individuals, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now showing up even among teenagers and young adults, fueled by poor lifestyle choices, unregulated supplement consumption, and lack of awareness.

Studies indicate that kidney problems affect approximately 10 to 15% of Indians, cutting across all age groups, including teenagers. Unlike other ailments, early-stage kidney disease does not present obvious warning signs like swelling or changes in urine output, making regular screening essential, says Manisha Sahay, professor and head of the department of nephrology at Osmania General Hospital. She warns that kidney disease is a silent killer, often showing no symptoms in its early stages.

“In many countries, routine kidney function tests such as urine albumin and creatinine blood tests are conducted annually. These tests are inexpensive yet provide crucial insights into kidney health. In India, at the very least, high-risk individuals should undergo these tests,” Dr. Manisha says. She identifies high-risk groups, as those individuals with diabetes, hypertension, cardiac conditions, obesity, or a family history of kidney disease. Young people exposed to pesticides, frequent users of painkillers, and women with pregnancy-related hypertension are also vulnerable.

Addressing the need for lifestyle modifications, Dr. Manisha stresses the importance of maintaining ideal body weight through regular exercise, consuming a balanced diet, and limiting salt intake to five grams per day. She advises against excessive fast food consumption and hidden sources of sodium, such as soy sauce, recommending natural seasonings like lemon and black pepper instead. Staying hydrated, ensuring six to eight hours of sleep, and managing blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels are crucial steps toward kidney health.

The rising concern over kidney health among young people is echoed by Avula Naveen Reddy, consultant nephrologist at the Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology (AINU). He has observed a significant increase in kidney-related cases among Gen Z (individuals born between 1997 and 2012). “Many gym-goers report elevated serum creatinine levels, while some experience protein leakage in their urine. Additionally, stress and inadequate water intake among students are leading to a higher incidence of urinary infections,” he explains.

At AINU, three to four kidney-related cases involving individuals aged 16 to 20 years are reported each month, a noticeable rise compared to previous years. Routine screenings, particularly for students planning to study abroad, have revealed underlying kidney issues that may have otherwise gone undiagnosed. Dr. Reddy urges young individuals to avoid over-the-counter painkillers, minimise whey protein supplements, and focus on plant-based protein sources. He also highlights the importance of proper hydration, noting that many students reduce their water intake due to poorly maintained restrooms in schools and colleges, increasing their risk of kidney stones and urinary infections.

Symptoms such as excessive foaming in urine (a sign of protein leakage), fever with abdominal pain, a burning sensation while urinating, and traces of blood in urine should not be ignored. While these conditions may not always be life-threatening, early detection and timely intervention are crucial, Dr. Reddy notes.