Climate change, pest infestation take a toll on Authoor betel leaf cultivation

Authoor betel farming faces challenges from climate change, pest infestation, and high cultivation costs, impacting livelihoods.

Cultivation of the famous betel leaves from Authoor (Authoor vetrilai) has been dwindling over the past year due to severe pest infestation and unpredictable climatic conditions. Climate plays a huge role in producing a good yield and any disruption significantly impacts it.

Known for its unique alkali taste with a subtle punch, ‘Authoor Betel’ received Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2022 after an application was submitted in 2020. The distinct flavour of these leaves is attributed to the region’s soil composition, climatic conditions, and irrigation using ‘Thenkaal pasanam,’ a branch of irrigation canal from Tamirabarani river.

For generations, people in the region have been dependent on betel vine cultivation for their livelihood. When the GI tag was announced, the farmers were optimistic about increased market access and business growth. However, their hopes were dashed when the 2023-floods destroyed almost all the plantations. Since then, farmers have been struggling to revive their produce, only to face another major challenge - rampant pest infestation.

R. Subramanian from Authoor Area Betel Farmer Company said the region once had hundreds of acres dedicated to betel cultivation. However, after the floods, this dwindled to around 200 acres and currently only 60 acres are under cultivation.

These farmers produce six types of betel leaves - ‘Chakkai, ‘Maathu,’ ‘Payirraasi,’ ‘Mudhukaalraasi,’ ‘Payirsadha’ and ‘Mudhukaal.’ Among these varities, ‘Chakkai’ and ‘Maathu’ majorly exported to markets of other States, especially in northern parts of India, because of its large size making them ideal for preparing pan and other food delicacies.

The peak season for the betel leaves in Tamil Nadu is from December to March when the price of one kg of leaves can go upto ₹250.

C. Subramanian, a committee member from Authoor Vetrilai Vivasayigal Sangam, highlighted the uncontrollable pest infestation that has significantly reduced the production. He said cultivating one acre of betel leaves costs up to ₹6 lakh, but erratic weather causes excessive rains and extreme dryness, making it difficult for farmers to recover their investments.