A migratory bird haven under threat from human activities

Changaram wetland in Alappuzha, Kerala, faces threats from waste dumping and habitat destruction, endangering its vital ecosystem.

It is that time of year when the Changaram wetland in Alappuzha comes alive as migratory birds flock from across the globe here. Despite its significance as one of Kerala’s key avian wintering sites, the vital habitat is increasingly under threat from anthropogenic activities, including unchecked waste dumping and habitat destruction.

Spread across 150 acres in Kodamthuruth grama panchayat, the wetland recently witnessed large-scale dumping of poultry waste. According to environmentalists, 30 sacks of chicken waste was discarded at night earlier this month. Though the police registered a case and launched an investigation, the culprits remain at large. Previous instances of waste dumping included bakery waste and refuse collected by the Haritha Karma Sena (HKS). The waste collected and stored by the HKS was dumped into the wetland by unidentified people.

In addition to waste dumping, the wetland faces degradation from plastic littering, encroachments, and construction activities. According to Birders Ezhupunna, a birdwatching group, 216 bird species, including migratory, resident and waterbirds, have been observed at Changaram over the years. Around 150 species were recorded last season.

“Changaram is one of the most significant wintering sites for migratory birds in the State. Each year, from October to May, a good number of migratory bird species visit this location and its surrounding areas. However, in recent years, there has been a concerning decline in the numbers, likely due to habitat destruction. The government must take proactive measures to preserve this vital wetland ecosystem,” says Sumesh B., president, Birders Ezhupunna and coordinator of the Biodiversity Management Committee in Kodamthuruth panchayat.

Bird species observed at Changaram include rare ones such as Great knot, Pied avocet, Spotted redshank, Spot-billed pelican and Eurasian Curlew, among others. Once a thriving paddy cultivation area, the wetland is now used for shrimp farming. Recently, viral Instagram reels featuring the location have drawn large crowds, raising concerns among environmentalists.

“Changaram was once a plastic-free zone but is now littered with plastic waste and liquor bottles. Police patrols in the area seem ineffective, with no reported actions taken against public alcohol consumption. This neglect has made the site more appealing to drinkers than birdwatchers. Installing CCTV cameras will be a crucial first step in curbing such activities and restoring the area’s serenity,” Mr. Sumesh adds.