'Substantial but disappointing': Local Indigenous communities reflect on Pope Francis' apology

WARNING: This story contains distressing details.

When Sean Hoogterp of the Walpole Island First Nation, Bkejwanong Territory in southwestern Ontario, heard Pope Francis apologize to hundreds of residential school survivors and their families on Monday, the first person that crossed his mind was his late grandmother Lorraine, who survived the Mount Elgin Indian Residential School.

"I think if she were here today watching the apology, she would've felt that acknowledgement, I'm not sure about the acceptance, but I think it would've mattered to her to see that," he said. 

Hoogterp, who now works as coordinator of Indigenous initiatives at Western University's Catholic Church affiliate, King's University College, believes that this visit is the Pope's way of taking accountability for the pain and trauma that the residential school systems and assimilation policies have caused generations of Indigenous communities. 

Pope Francis arrived in Canada on July 24 to begin a week-long trip to advance reconciliation between Indigenous communities and the Roman Catholic Church in what he referred to as a  "pilgrimage of penance". His first public address was in Maskwacis, Alta., south of Edmonton. 

He asked for forgiveness for "the ways in which many members of the Church co-operated in projects of cultural destruction and forced assimilation promoted by the governments of that time, which culminated in the system of residential schools."

"From what I can see, it looked like the Pope was honest in his approach," Hoogterp said.

However, he said he would've liked to see the Pope say that the Catholic Church as an institution, was responsible for running residential schools. Joel Abram, Grand Chief of the Association of Iroquois and Allied Indians, also agrees.

"The apology was substantial in many ways to a lot of people, especially survivors, but in a larger context it was a little disappointing," Abram said. 

Instead, he wished the Pope acknowledged the Doctrine of Discovery in the papal bulls dating back to the 1400s, which allowed European explorers to claim the land of Indigenous peoples.

He believes if the doctrine is rescinded, it can bring a momentum of change in the legislation and policies used by the federal government such as the Indian Act and its impacts on the child welfare system. The Church has a greater responsibility than just residential schools, Abram said.

"They grounded the work for those assimilation policies," he said. "It wasn't just a bunch of Catholic individuals who got together and said 'Hey let's run this residential school,' you know, that's not what happened. It was the church itself that ran those schools."

According to Abram, the Pope was sincere in the words he used in his apology, and he appreciates the pontiff's efforts in travelling all the way from the Vatican to Canada despite having health and mobility issues, he's hopeful that the Pope will mention the doctrine in his other addresses throughout the week.

What stood out to Hoogterp at Monday's event was the sense of pride he saw in the First Nations leaders who greeted the Pope in their traditional territory, dressed in regalia. He finds this reflects the diversity of Indigenous Nations and their unique challenges.