Paralegal family law licence could help Ontarians who can't afford a lawyer navigate courts

The Law Society of Ontario (LSO) will decide whether or not to open the doors of family court to paralegals today by voting on a licence that would allow them to provide some family legal services.

If the proposal is green-lit, qualified paralegals will eventually be permitted to help clients navigate family court by walking them through procedures — like filing deadlines. It could also help them in preparing and completing applications for simple joint and uncontested divorces, domestic contracts and name changes.

Stakeholders have been grappling with the scope of this licence for five years. It was originally recommended to Ontario's Attorney General in a 2017 report to help address access to justice in family court, where the majority of litigants are now self-represented, largely because they can't afford a lawyer.

The version that's up for a vote today is narrower than what many paralegals and some experts were hoping for, but paralegal LSO board member Michelle Lomazzo says it's a start.

"It's this or nothing … at least it's a foot in the door," she told CBC Toronto. "I believe we'll be able to add things to it over time."

A broader version of the licence — which would have allowed paralegals to represent clients in court for divorces, child support and spousal support, and to draft separation agreements — was dropped just before a LSO vote in February, because lawyers and the judiciary were against it.

"We didn't have the votes," said Lomazzo. "Hopefully this passes … if you're not accustomed to filling out forms or even to the court process, it's super intimidating for anybody to navigate."

If it's approved, paralegals will have to complete 260 hours, or about three months, of full-time education and training, and pass an exam to obtain the licence. Since those programs still have to be developed, Lomazzo says it'll be at least two years before paralegals can start providing family legal services. 

Leona Harvie, from Aurora, Ont., wishes she could have turned to a paralegal for help navigating the system in 2015, when she started self-representing after she could no longer afford a lawyer for her divorce.

"There was a lot of trial and error, a lot of costly mistakes," she said. "Our court system is not user-friendly and is not overly accessible to the general public, who are the very taxpayers who fund the system — so that's a problem."

Harvie says she, like many middle-class Canadians, fell into a gap in the system where she made too much money to qualify for legal aid but was "financially exhausted" by lawyer's fees.

The number of people self-representing in family court has been on the rise since at least 2014, according to Statistics Canada. In the 2019-2020 fiscal year, 58 per cent of litigants in family court were self-represented across the country, and experts say that number is closer to 80 per cent in urban centres like Toronto. 

"Family law is the area in which we see the greatest pressure on the system," said Julie Macfarlane, a law professor emerita at the University of Windsor.

Macfarlane founded the National Self-Represented Litigants Project in 2013, after her research showed most people who appear in court without a lawyer can't afford one, or have run out of money to continue paying a lawyer.