Explained | How do you screen for autism and assess its severity? Premium

ASD affects people in different ways, and DSM-5 has new descriptions to help understand these differences. Instead of different levels of autism, it has three “levels of support” to describe the severity.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that affects social communication, interactions, and behaviour. In India, it remains widely misunderstood and underdiagnosed. Signs of ASD can vary, but difficulty with social interactions, communication challenges, repetitive behaviours, and restricted interests are common.

Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for better outcomes and support for families. To ensure a culturally sensitive approach to assessment and treatment, it is important to consult qualified healthcare professionals experienced in diagnosing and treating ASD in India.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), ASD is considered to be a single disorder. The previous system of classifying different levels of autism is no longer used. The DSM itself is a handbook that doctors and researchers use to diagnose and study mental health conditions; DSM-5 is the latest edition.

It assesses the severity of ASD by evaluating social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours. The severity of ASD is determined by assigning a level of support – 1, 2 or 3 – based on the individual’s need for assistance and the impact of their symptoms on their daily lives. The level that the doctor assigns will reflect how much external assistance a person is likely to need for their day-to-day activities.

Assessing this correctly can help doctors and other specialists work with the individual to provide the right kind and level of support.

ASD affects people in different ways, and DSM-5 has new descriptions to help understand these differences. Instead of different levels of autism, it has three “levels of support” to describe the severity.

Level 1: A person with autism may have social challenges that need some help. They may have trouble starting conversations, responding to others, or making friends without the right forms of help. They may also have a need for routine and organisation.