Canadian steel tariffs less likely under Trump 2.0, U.S. trade experts say, but disruption still a risk

Canada is right to be concerned about trade with the U.S. under a second Trump administration, but specific tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum seem less likely this time around, according to D.C.-based trade policy lawyer.

"I'm not expecting any tariffs aimed at Canada specifically — I think the risk for Canada is that you just get swept in with tariffs on everywhere," said Leah Scarpelli, a partner at the Washington law firm ArentFox Schiff, speaking on the sidelines of a steel construction industry conference in Calgary on Wednesday. 

On the campaign trail, president-elect Trump called himself the "tariff man" and floated the idea of a minimum tariff of 10 per cent on all imports entering the United States. 

The steel construction industry, in particular, has been trying to anticipate what a second Trump administration might mean. During his first term in office, Trump called NAFTA the "worst trade deal in history" and imposed a 25 per cent tariff on Canadian steel products and 10 per cent on Canadian aluminum products, forcing Canada to retaliate. Eventually, an exemption was granted.

"Obviously, to a very high degree, we're concerned about what's to come," said Keanin Loomis, president of the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction, which represents engineers and fabricators who build with steel. 

Loomis says he's not only concerned about tariffs on Canadian steel, but also the risk that Canada might then impose retaliatory tariffs of its own and disrupt the flow of U.S. steel into this country. A lot of the steel that is used in building construction in Canada comes from the U.S., he says. 

"It's very early, reading the tea leaves, [but] we expect for there to be disruptions." 

Scarpelli, the trade lawyer, says that after a period of status quo, a second Trump presidency will likely act as a reset for relations between Canada and the U.S. 

The biggest change with the incoming administration will likely be in how much "predictability" can be expected, she says, noting it remains to be seen how priorities will be steered by appointees in the Department of Commerce and Department of State.

But as it stands, Scarpelli says Trump today appears less concerned about Canada, and more squarely focused on Chinese overcapacity and the risk of that country dumping cheap steel into the U.S., potentially using Mexico as a backdoor. 

Canada recently imposed 25 per cent tariffs on Chinese steel and aluminum, following the lead of the U.S., along with country-of-melt regulations intended to detect cheap foreign steel and keep it from being dumped into the Canadian market.

"The focus certainly is on China," said Scarpelli, adding alignment on the country would be an important factor in the renegotiation of the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA).

For his part, François Desmarais, a vice-president with the Canadian Steel Producers Association, feels "cautious optimism" about trade relations between the two countries.

"Canada is in a way better spot now than we were six years ago. We definitely improved some of our trade policy, we're more integrated with the U.S., and I think we fully realize and share the common concern of the U.S. when it comes to our industry," he said.