At the border, both Canada and the U.S. are turning to technology to keep migrants out

In Derby, Vermont, a tall, slim tower stands on a hill, observing the landscape. 

Atop the tower, cameras face north toward Quebec — just a few hundred metres away.

The tower, and at least two others like it, appeared on the U.S. side, near the Canadian border, at some point over the past two years or so. They're part of a response to a rise in irregular border crossings in the area, most involving people crossing into the U.S. via Canada. 

The towers are new, but they've already dotted the Southern U.S. border for years. U.S. border patrol has been installing surveillance towers equipped with cameras and other sensors along the Mexican border since the mid-2000s. The agency also uses drones and a litany of other technologies to deter and catch migrants there.

Now, American officials are deploying the same technologies at the northern border. Canada will soon mirror them by boosting investments in drones, sensors and other tech, including its own surveillance towers — part of a commitment to harden the border to dissuade President Donald Trump from his threat of imposing massive trade tariffs. 

But advocates and experts say the deployment of new technologies risks endangering migrants while failing to deter them, poses privacy concerns, and will drive millions of dollars to military contractors. 

"There's this normalization of tech at the northern border now … where Canada perhaps feels like it has to acquiesce to what the United States is asking for," said Petra Molnar, the associate director of York University's Refugee Lab and the author of The Walls Have Eyes, a book about the confluence of technology and migration. 

"There's going to be more towers; there's going to be more drone surveillance, ground surveillance." 

On a recent morning on the U.S. side of the Canadian border near the town of Stanstead, Que., the landscape was quiet. A shallow ditch or a clearing in the forest with intermittent stone markers are among the only things marking the line between the two countries.

But the new surveillance tower looms over the town, and is easily visible from Canada. 

Atop its perch on the hill, the tower enjoys a 360-degree view of the surrounding countryside.

It's a visible symbol of the U.S.'s commitment to monitor its northern border. Documents show that United States Customs and Border Patrol (USBP) plans to lean on remote surveillance in the Swanton sector, a large swath of land near Quebec that includes northern New York and Vermont where most irregular crossings take place.

An environmental assessment submitted by USBP to support the tower construction, which was first reported by VT Digger, says the agency needs more video surveillance in remote areas to monitor "illegal entries without committing numerous agents in vehicles to perform the same functions."

"The increasing frequency and nature of illegal cross-border activities, as well as the geographic area over which these activities occur, create a need for a technology-based surveillance capability," the agency said.