U.S. companies would have to disclose climate risks under proposed SEC rules

U.S. companies would be required to disclose the greenhouse gas emissions they produce and how climate risk affects their business under new rules proposed Monday by the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of a drive across government in the United States to address climate change.

Under the proposals adopted on a 3-1 SEC vote, public companies would have to report on their climate risks, including the costs of moving away from fossil fuels, as well as risks related to the physical impact of storms, drought and higher temperatures caused by global warming. They would be required to lay out their transition plans for managing climate risk, how they intend to meet climate goals and progress made, and the impact of severe weather events on their finances.

The number of investors seeking more information on risk related to global warming has grown dramatically in recent years. Many companies already provide climate-risk information voluntarily. The idea is that, with uniform required information, investors would be able to compare companies within industries and sectors.

"Companies and investors alike would benefit from the clear rules of the road" in the proposal, SEC chairman Gary Gensler said.

The required disclosures would include greenhouse gas emissions produced by companies directly or indirectly — such as from consumption of the company's products, vehicles used to transport products, employee business travel and energy used to grow raw materials.

The SEC issued voluntary guidance in 2010, but this is the first time mandatory disclosure rules were put forward. The rules were opened to a public comment period of around 60 days and they could be modified before any final adoption.

Climate activists and investor groups have clamoured for mandatory disclosure of information that would be uniformly required of all companies. The advocates estimate that excluding companies' indirect emissions would leave out some 75 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions.

On the other hand, major business interests and Republican officials — reaching down to the state level — began mobilizing against the climate disclosures long before the SEC unveiled the proposed rules Monday, exposing the sharply divided political dynamic of the climate issue.

Hester Peirce, the sole Republican among the four SEC commissioners, voted against the proposal. "We cannot make such fundamental changes without harming" companies, investors and the SEC, she said. "The results won't be reliable, let alone comparable."

The SEC action is part of a government-wide effort to identify climate risks, with new regulations planned from various agencies touching on the financial industry, housing and agriculture, among other areas. U.S. President Joe Biden issued an executive order last May calling for concrete steps to blunt climate risks, while spurring job creation and helping the country reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change.

Biden has made slowing climate change a top priority and has set a target to cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 52 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. He also has said he expects to adopt a clean-energy standard that would make electric power carbon-free by 2035, along with the wider goal of net-zero carbon emissions through the economy by 2050.

A report issued last fall by the Financial Stability Oversight Council, a group of top federal regulators including the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department, warned that climate change posed risks to financial institutions and the financial system.

The nation's premier business lobby, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and the American Petroleum Institute, the oil industry's top trade group, maintain that the SEC is reaching beyond its authority with the mandatory reporting rules, which would impose substantial costs on businesses.

The threat that opponents could take the SEC to court over the regulations has loomed.