Reliance raises $4 billion in foreign currency bonds
The Hindu
‘Largest issuance by an Indian firm’
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) said it has raised $4 billion in long- term debt of up to 40 years through the largest-ever foreign currency bond issuance by an Indian company.
The company plans to use the proceeds of the Senior Unsecured Notes across 10, 30 and 40-year tranches for refinancing of existing borrowings.
The bonds, due for maturity in 2032, are priced at 2.875%, while those due in 2052 and 2062 were priced at 3.625% and 3.750%, respectively.

The latest Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) by MoS&PI reveals a transformative shift in India’s economic landscape. For the first time in over a decade, granular data on Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) highlights a significant decline in the proportional share of food spending—a classic validation of Engel’s Law as real incomes rise. Between 1999 and 2024, both rural and urban consumption pivoted away from staple-heavy diets toward protein-rich foods, health, education, and conveyance. As Indian households move beyond subsistence, these shifting Indian household spending patterns offer vital insights for social sector policy, poverty estimation, and the lived realities of an expanding middle-income population.












