Move Over, Mathematicians, Here Comes AlphaProof

A.I. is getting good at math — and might soon make a worthy collaborator for humans.

At the headquarters of Google DeepMind, an artificial intelligence laboratory in London, researchers have a longstanding ritual for announcing momentous results: They bang a big ceremonial gong.

In 2016, the gong sounded for AlphaGo, an A.I. system that excelled at the game Go. In 2017, the gong reverberated when AlphaZero conquered chess. On each occasion the algorithm had beaten human world champions.

Last week the DeepMind researchers got out the gong again to celebrate what Alex Davies, a lead of Google DeepMind’s mathematics initiative, described as a “massive breakthrough” in mathematical reasoning by an A.I. system. A pair of Google DeepMind models tried their luck with the problem set in the 2024 International Mathematical Olympiad, or I.M.O., held from July 11 to July 22 about 100 miles west of London at the University of Bath. The event is said to be the premier math competition for the world’s “brightest mathletes,” according to a promotional post on social media.

The human problem-solvers — 609 high school students from 108 countries — won 58 gold medals, 123 silver and 145 bronze. The A.I. performed at the level of a silver medalist, solving four out of six problems for a total of 28 points. It was the first time that A.I. has achieved a medal-worthy performance on an Olympiad’s problems.

“It’s not perfect, we didn’t solve everything,” Pushmeet Kohli, Google DeepMind’s vice president of research, said in an interview. “We want to be perfect.”

Nonetheless, Dr. Kohli described the result as a “phase transition” — a transformative change — “in the use of A.I. in mathematics and the ability of A.I. systems to do mathematics.”