In Frames | The art of gender-bending

Manipur’s traditional theatre form of Shumang Leela has continued to inform and entertain down the ages

Shumang Leela is a traditional form of theatre in Manipur where the roles of women are all played by men, called Nupi Shabis. In the case of women’s theatre groups, the roles of men are played by women.

Shumang Leela translates to “courtyard performance”. It is performed in an open courtyard surrounded by spectators on all four sides.

The tradition is believed to be descended from Lai Haraoba, a ritual of the Meitei community of Manipur. The plays serve as a medium to spread awareness among people of social, political and economic issues. Shumang Leelas may also discuss moral values, unity and integrity. This theatre form has for long been trying to strengthen the bond of brotherhood and friendship among various communities in the State.

Today, Shumang Leela is of two types: Nupa Shumang Leela, performed only by men, and Nupi Shumang Leela, performed only by women. In a society marked by heteronormativity, the gender-bending nature of Shumang Leela makes it a unique art form that is fraught with complexity. The men who take up female roles or vice versa are both lauded and laughed at. However, the traditional theatre form has preserved its niche, and its aim to inform and entertain has remained unchanged.