Canada's COVID-19 response better than many comparable countries, study finds

Canada handled the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and weathered the ensuing upheaval better than several other nations with comparable health-care and economic infrastructure, a new study suggests.

The research, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal on Monday, credits Canada's strong performance to restrictive and persistent public health measures as well as a successful vaccination campaign.

A team of Ontario researchers compared data from February 2020 to February 2022 in 11 countries dubbed the G10 due to the late inclusion of one subject. They analyzed data from Canada, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States — all countries with similar political, economic, and health-care systems.

"If you look at Canada compared to the G10, the differences are enormous," study co-author Dr. Fahad Razak said in a recent interview.

"If you look at our vaccination rate, we had the highest in the entire G10, we had the lowest number of people infected and lowest of people dying."

The research suggests Canada's cumulative per-capita rate of COVID-19 cases was 82,700 per million, while all countries — with the exception of Japan — were above 100,000 per million. Canada's rate of COVID-19—related deaths was 919 per million, once again second-lowest behind Japan. All other countries were over 1,000 per million.

Raywat Deonandan, an epidemiologist and associate professor at the University of Ottawa who was not involved in the study, said the methodology of the research is sound, even if it can be challenging to compare infections and deaths across jurisdictions. 

"Bottom line: Canada's relatively strict approach resulted in fewer infections and deaths," Deonandan said in an email.

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Razak said at least 70,000 more Canadians would have died during the first two years of the pandemic if Canada had the same death rates as the United States, the country with the highest cumulative number of COVID-19-related deaths.

"That means most of us would probably personally know a grandparent, or a friend or family member ... who's living today in Canada who would have died if we had the same trajectory as the United States," Razak said.

He said Canada's comparatively positive outcomes came about despite gaining access to vaccination later than most countries, noting there were also other health-care system structural disadvantages to overcome across the country at the outset of the pandemic.

"Some hospitals were so overwhelmed that we had to ambulance or airlift patients to other hospitals," he said.

But Canada, he said, differed from other developed countries when it opted to implement public health measures that were both strict and persistent. Though such measures drew vehement opposition in some circles, Razak said they helped mitigate the pandemic's overall impact.