Better collaboration with First Nations would have improved B.C.'s response to huge 2017 wildfire: report

An Indigenous-led review of a massive wildfire that destroyed more than 100 homes in British Columbia's southern Interior four years ago has produced 30 calls to action to improve wildfire management and recovery practices.

The Elephant Hill wildfire scorched more than 1,900 square kilometres of land in the summer of 2017, directly affecting numerous First Nations.

The report released by the Secwepemcul'ecw Restoration and Stewardship Society asserts the fire could have been better managed if the province, including the wildfire service, had worked with Indigenous communities earlier and more actively throughout the response and recovery processes.

The society, based in Kamloops, B.C., was founded by eight Secwepemc communities affected by the blaze, and the report chronicles their experiences and push toward a more collaborative approach with the B.C. government.

It asserts that poor communication, a lack of guidance from the province about immediate wildfire threats and evacuations, as well as widespread frustration that Secwepemc knowledge and abilities were ignored, have led to "deep mistrust of fire agencies and a strong feeling of 'being on your own.'''

A joint leadership council was later struck to respond to the Elephant Hill fire, involving both Secwepemc and provincial officials.

The report states the majority of those interviewed during the review felt that the process succeeded in strengthening relationships. But it points to a disconnect between B.C.'s high-level commitment to implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the way First Nations are supported and involved in decision-making in their territories.

Wildfires that are growing increasingly intense with climate change mean that advancing Indigenous leadership in wildfire management requires not only upholding Indigenous rights, it states, but also "confronting the underlying issues of unsustainable resource extraction and land and fire management that have created the conditions'' for recurring, major fires."

"I've lived through two megafires and I've seen the impacts, my community members have seen the impacts, and it's time for change,'' said Angie Kane, CEO of the Secwepemcul'ecw Restoration and Stewardship Society.

"It's a collective management and our government really needs to sit down and revamp its forest practices as well as its firefighting processes,'' said Kane, who was working as the manager for High Bar First Nation and living in Clinton, B.C., around 100 kilometres northwest of Kamloops, when the Elephant Hill fire swept through the area.

Sarah Dickson-Hoyle, co-author of the report and a doctoral candidate in the faculty of forestry at the University of British Columbia, pointed to one specific example of how the province could have improved its response.

Ranchers and hunters from Skeetchestn Indian Band went to the wildfire service's camp offering to share their deep knowledge of the land, but they were met with pushback or lack of recognition of their expertise, she said.

There were some exceptions, she noted, including an Australian firefighting official who was stationed near the nation's reserve in the Deadman Valley, where wind patterns are known to shift throughout the day. He worked with Skeetchestn members to determine fire suppression strategies, she said.

The Elephant Hill review included interviews with wildfire service officials and found "widespread agreement'' that in 2017, there were no consistent, meaningful expectations for their firefighting crews to work with First Nations or any local communities, Dickson-Hoyle said in an interview.