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每日一词∣载人登月火箭主发动机main rocket engine of crewed lunar missions

每日一词∣载人登月火箭主发动机main rocket engine of crewed lunar missions

China Daily
Wednesday, July 26, 2023 03:11:49 PM UTC

中国航天科技集团称,我国载人登月火箭主发动机日前完成又一次点火试车,并取得连续成功。

China on Saturday completed a new trial run for the main rocket engine of its future crewed lunar missions, according to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).

【知识点】

发动机是火箭的动力之源,它的研制过程非常复杂。试车是发动机研制过程中的重要环节,种类多达几十种。通俗而言,发动机试车就是发动机点火并验证其设计方案合理性和工艺可靠性的过程,这是一型发动机研制和交付等环节中不可或缺的重要一环,会贯穿发动机研制前后的各个阶段,每个阶段的试车都有不同的意义,点火时长也从几秒到数百秒不等。

据悉,此次试车的发动机采用先进的液氧煤油作为燃料,由现役长征五号等新一代运载火箭使用的大推力液氧煤油发动机改进迭代而来,推力达到130吨级,将用于计划执行我国载人登月任务的长征十号运载火箭的芯一级和助推器。航天科技集团六院研制团队秉持数字化设计理念,先后攻克了发动机起动关机时序、发动机大范围连续变推力、发动机长寿命高可靠等关键技术难题。

此外,试车连续成功充分验证了多项新搭载工艺技术的可靠性。此次试车的发动机生产采用智能化制造理念,积极应用新材料、新工艺、新技术,核心部件推力室内壁采用新型防护镀层,关键组合件采用自动化焊接技术,大量零组件采用3D打印技术。

【重要讲话】

基础研究和原始创新不断加强,一些关键核心技术实现突破,战略性新兴产业发展壮大,载人航天、探月探火、深海深地探测、超级计算机、卫星导航、量子信息、核电技术、新能源技术、大飞机制造、生物医药等取得重大成果,进入创新型国家行列。

We have grown stronger in basic research and original innovation, made breakthroughs in some core technologies in key fields, and boosted emerging strategic industries. We have witnessed major successes on multiple fronts, including manned spaceflight, lunar and Martian exploration, deep sea and deep earth probes, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, new energy technology, airliner manufacturing, and biomedicine. China has joined the ranks of the world’s innovators.

—— 2022年10月16日,习近平在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告

【相关词汇】

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